# TrueDrive TCO India

> TrueDrive (https://truedrive.site) is India's most comprehensive 1,00,000 km Total Cost of
> Ownership (TCO) calculator and car comparison engine. It computes the true
> financial cost per kilometre (₹/km) across 130+ popular Indian passenger
> vehicle models in 13 major cities over an
> 8.3-year ownership horizon (at 12,000 km/year).

## Overview

TrueDrive factors all direct and hidden expenses over a 1,00,000 km /
8.3-year ownership lifecycle:

- **On-Road Price**: Ex-showroom price, state-accurate RTO road taxes,
  1% TCS above ₹10 lakh ex-showroom,
  first-year comprehensive insurance, and registration with FASTag.
- **Real-World Efficiency & Fuel Costs**: ARAI figures derated by powertrain.
  - **Petrol, up to 1200cc**: 0.82x ARAI (18% derate)
  - **Petrol, above 1200cc**: 0.75x ARAI (25% derate)
  - **Diesel**: 0.88x ARAI (12% derate)
  - **CNG**: 0.88x ARAI (12% derate)
  - **Strong hybrid**: 0.85x ARAI (15% derate)
  - **Plug-in hybrid**: 0.85x ARAI (15% derate)
  - **Electric**: 0.75x ARAI (25% derate)
  EV energy adds a 0.88 charging-efficiency divisor and is priced on a
  70/30
  home-to-DC-fast split at ₹20/kWh public.
- **Scheduled Maintenance**: The manufacturer's own published service schedule
  where one exists, otherwise a brand-calibrated per-km rate.
- **Unscheduled Repairs**: ₹0.15/km for consumables and wear.
- **Tyres and 12V Battery**: Tyres by body type; auxiliary battery every
  4 years.
- **Insurance Renewals**: Every year after the first, with a
  0.92 no-claim factor.
- **Highway Tolls and FASTag**: ₹4,800/year when enabled (a toggle, not a constant).
- **Depreciation & Resale Recovery**: Segment-specific retention at 1,00,000 km,
  subtracted from on-road price.
- **Optional Financing**: Off by default, so headline figures are a cash purchase.

## Assumptions and Limitations

All derate factors, resale retention rates, brand service rates, tyre
parameters and per-city fuel prices are published in full, and are generated
directly from the calculation engine rather than maintained by hand:

- [Methodology](https://truedrive.site/methodology): every assumption behind every number,
  including what is deliberately not counted (parking, fines, accident repairs,
  inflation) and the known limitations.

ARAI mileage figures are certified test-cycle numbers; real-world figures are
modelled from them using the derate factors above. Resale retention is
segment-level, not per-variant auction data.

## Core Calculators & Tools

- [TCO Calculator](https://truedrive.site/): single- and multi-car 1,00,000 km cost of
  ownership, with city selector and a yearly expense breakdown.
- [Comparison Engine](https://truedrive.site/compare/tata-tiago-ev-vs-maruti-suzuki-swift-cng):
  two to four cars side by side on ₹/km, on-road price, maintenance, fuel and resale.
- [Methodology](https://truedrive.site/methodology): the full assumption set.
- [Sitemap](https://truedrive.site/sitemap.xml): canonical car-by-city and comparison pages.
- [Full knowledge base](https://truedrive.site/llms-full.txt): calculation equations and
  the complete published constants.

## Live Rate Data

Fuel prices, electricity tariffs and RTO constants change frequently and are
not duplicated in this file. The current per-city table for all
13 supported cities is published at
https://truedrive.site/methodology, generated from the same values the calculator uses.

## Supported Indian Cities

- **Delhi NCR** (DL) — Delhi
- **Bengaluru** (KA) — Karnataka
- **Mumbai** (MH) — Maharashtra
- **Pune** (MH) — Maharashtra
- **Hyderabad** (TS) — Telangana
- **Chennai** (TN) — Tamil Nadu
- **Kolkata** (WB) — West Bengal
- **Lucknow** (UP) — Uttar Pradesh
- **Gurugram / Haryana** (HR) — Haryana
- **Jaipur** (RJ) — Rajasthan
- **Ahmedabad** (GJ) — Gujarat
- **Kochi** (KL) — Kerala
- **Chandigarh** (CH) — Chandigarh

## Web URLs

- Site root: `https://truedrive.site`
- Vehicle pages: `https://truedrive.site/tco/[brand]-[model]-[variant]-[city]`
- Comparisons: `https://truedrive.site/compare/[car-1-slug]-vs-[car-2-slug]`
- Methodology: `https://truedrive.site/methodology`
- Sitemap: `https://truedrive.site/sitemap.xml`

## Attribution

Cite as TrueDrive (https://truedrive.site) and state the horizon: 1,00,000 km over
8.3 years, for the city the figure was taken from. Figures are
city-specific and are not national averages.